Management Info Systems Individual Work wk6 Essay

The executives Info Systems Individual Work wk6 - Essay Example Walmart have improved its information correspondence framework to providers by including different tweaked networks from where clients can get to better and productive administrations. For example, Procter &Gamble, and Warner-Lambert sites (Bidgoli, 2002). The essential objective is to bring down costs and improve the degree of client administrations with the providers and general clients. Walmart has likewise drawn in an online access framework where suppliers can get to updates and fundamental data about critical improvements in the organization. This will decrease the expense of transportation and improve the progression of data starting with one gracefully then onto the next. The electronic access framework will likewise empower providers to arrive at expected clients effortlessly subsequently more deals and general gainfulness of Walmart Company. Through the different information application projects, Walmart and its provider will have a superior correspondence subsequently expanded effectiveness in administration conveyance (Bidgoli, 2002). Various information correspondence application are being used in Walmart Company. Such application incorporates; altered sites for their providers, Web-based access application, Wireless innovation application, vehicle the executives frameworks, and two-way text informing application and security framework applications (Bidgoli, 2002). Every application is intended to upgrade administration in a specific region inside the business. For example, the security framework applications are intended to improve supplier’s wellbeing and shield suppliers from getting to one another supplier’s information. This gives them certainty to investigate in various regions and take additional gracefully quantifies unafraid that their partners may meddle with them. The two-way text informing framework guarantees that material taking care of assets are coordinated to the areas where they serve the best. This improves profitability and decreases material wastage. Electronic applications then again guarantees that providers can execute

Eagle Eye Movie Review Essay

In the spine chiller Eagle Eye, two stranger’s lives are interwoven by a secretive, female phone guest. Jerry Shaw (LaBeouf) comes back to his loft one day to discover he has gotten weapons, ammonium nitrate, characterized DOD reports, and fashioned travel papers. Afterward, Jerry gets a bizarre call that educates him that the FBI is in transit and that he needs to escape, yet he won't and is captured. Rachel Holloman’s (Monaghan) son’s life is soon later compromised by the guest, driving her to help Jerry Shaw in his getaway from the FBI and different strange deeds requested by the guest. Lamentably, the solicitations of the unknown guest become progressively perilous as the FBI rapidly distinguish Jerry and Rachel as the country’s most needed escapees. It becomes clear mid-route through the film that the female guest is utilizing regular innovation to follow and control the defenseless pair. Despite the fact that getting away from conditions are pointles s, Jerry and Rachel come to acknowledge they need to cooperate so as to discover who disturbed their lives, and forestall the malevolent targets of the virtuoso behind the calls. As a matter of first importance, this film is exceptionally ridiculous. It is plainly impractical that a PC could control cranes, electrical cables, and traffic lights during a fast pursue to guarantee that a couple of honest regular folks could get away from safe from many police vehicles. Nonetheless, Eagle Eye, accomplishes more than give uncontrollably doubtful pursue scenes in its plotting. This film shows how innovation can expend us by outlining the powerlessness of Jerry and Rachel. The two could do nothing to avoid the modernized, female, calls in light of the fact that not exclusively was the unknown woman’s nearness seen all over the place, yet the lives’ of Jerry and Rachel were in question alongside the lives’ of their friends and family. Turkle comparably shows that innovation has the ability to expend us when she says, â€Å"I stressed in the case of losing oneself in universes inside the machine would divert us from confronting issues in the real† (xi). This statement applies to the film on the grounds that both Jerry and Rachel are totally occupied from their own lives while affected by the guest. The manipulative idea of innovation on Jerry and Rachel is seen when the pair complied with the call and dodged the police and looted a reinforced truck. Albeit one could state they are submitting to theâ phone guest so as to spare their friends and family, they could rather do the legitimate thing by transforming themselves into the FBI. The message that I detract from this is innovation can expend individuals by causing it to appear that yielding to innovation is the main alternative. Turkle proposes that people and innovation have a cooperative relationship. This is by all accounts direct, however what I accept she figures we ought to acknowledge isn't what innovation accomplishes for us, yet what it does to us. In Eagle Eye, when Jerry and Rachel started to decline to react to the lady, the adequacy of the destruction was decreased. Turkle states, â€Å"Computers no longer trust that people will extend meaning onto them. Presently, friendly robots meet our look, address us, and figure out how to remember us. They solicit us to take care from them; accordingly, we envision that they may think about us in return† (2). I feel that once Jerry and Rachel saw that they were being controlled by innovation, they understood they needed to decide not to react. It becomes obvious that innovation was not so much filling its need since it was the telephone guest using Jerry and Rachel, innovation utilizing the people, a clumsy incongruity. Basically not turning into a casualty was the arrangement. Falcon Eye is an incredible fantastical film without a doubt. Notwithstanding, we can perceive how manipulative innovation can be by taking a gander at the records of Jerry and Rachel. The female guest who represented mechanical debasement indicated the terrifying prospects of a not so distant innovatively focused world. Turkle has comparative feelings of trepidation and premonitions and understands that people are subjects to the intensity of their gadgets.

2015 Wait Listed Freshman Post - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2015 Wait Listed Freshman Post - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2015 Wait Listed Freshman Post We plan to make the final wave of freshman decisions available by no later than 7:30 PM EST today, March 20th. For some students, you will be offered a place on our wait list. Every year our office has to predict approximately how many students we can admit in order to enroll our freshman class, but we can never be sure how many students will enroll until after the May 1 commitment deposit deadline has passed. If the number of students who say they will be attending UGA is lower than we expect, we may need to go to our wait list group in order to get the size that we want for our freshman class. Every year we have about 1,000 students on the wait list. We carefully monitor the deposits coming into the University to see where we are in comparison to the predicted freshman numbers. For those of you who have been wait-listed, here is a chance for you to comment. Please remember that this is not a blog where you should post statistics or throw fellow classmates under the bus. These types of comments will be deleted. The Wait List FAQ can answer some questions, but the most important thing you need to do is decide if you want to remain on the wait list. Follow the instructions on the status check or wait list letter we mailed to let us know if you want to stay on the wait list or if you want to decline this option and move forward with admission at another college. If you decide to stay on the wait list, you should still move forward with an alternate college plan as we will not know about any wait list options until May at the earliest. If you select to stay on the wait list, we will know that you still want to attend UGA if an opportunity opens up. The key word in wait list is wait as this is not a quick process. So please be prepared to wait. There are three options for the wait list reply. You can say no, please do not consider me for the wait list. The next option is to remain on the wait list, but only if it is for the Fall term. The third option is to remain on the wait list and be considered for both Fall and Spring terms. This is so that if there is space available for the Fall term, we will look at all of the students who have asked to remain on the wait list. If the only space available is for Spring term, we will only look at students who said Fall or Spring. Once you select an option, you cannot change it so be sure to think about your decision before you make your selection. We will not know details about the wait list until after May 15, and it may be well after that. Please be patient with our office and read the FAQ before asking questions as it can give you a great deal of information. If you do not feel like you can wait until mid-May through mid-June for a decision, it may be that the wait list option is not for you.

Mundell Flaming Model - 2973 Words

8. Mundell-Fleming Model with a Floating Exchange Rate (No handout; chapter 13) What is the Mundell-Fleming model? In an open economy with external trade and financial transactions, how are the key macrovariables (GDP, inflation, balance of payments, exchange rates, interest rates, etc) determined and interact with each other? What are the effects of fiscal and monetary policies? The Mundell-Fleming model is the standard open macroeconomic model that tries to answer these questions. Most open macro economy models in the textbooks are variations of the Mundell-Fleming model. Theoretically, it is the most popular model. But its applicability to actual policy making is not as high as we would hope (especially for developing and transition†¦show more content†¦It is downward-sloping in the (i, Y) plane. Moreover, a rise in q (real depreciation) or a rise in G (government spending) shifts the IS curve up and to the right. Aggregate demand - LM curve The LM curve is the same as in the domestic macro version. It shows the condition for money market equilibrium. In particular, we ignore the possibility of currency substitution, a phenomenon where domestic citizens hold foreign currency (typically US dollar) as well as domestic currency, and change their relative shares as circumstances change. No currency substitution is a reasonable assumption in developed countries, where people hold only domestic currency. But in many developing countries, currency substitution may be a big factor that influences the money demand. Currency substitution is also called dollarization. But dollarization has two meanings: (1) the situation where people use dollars in addition to domestic currency, because they do not trust the latter (in this case, the monetary authority usually tries to prevent the use of dollar); (2) the situation where the government declares that the national currency is the US dollar, abolishes the central bank, and gives up independent monetary policy. Currency substitution is equivalent

Insula - 816 Words

Insula In Ancient Rome the buildings referred to as Insula were as common as the modern apartment building. In Roman architecture an insula is a Latin word that means island. An insula was a kind of apartment building that housed most of the urban citizen population of ancient Rome, this included class types of lower or middle-class status. The wealthy families lived in an apartment called a domus, they were large and made for single-family residences. These two kinds of housing were intermingled in the city and not segregated by separate neighborhoods. Only the wealthiest could afford the luxury of living in private homes. The ground-level floor of the insula was used for shops and businesses with the space that they would live†¦show more content†¦The apartments on these floors were usually without heating or running water. This meant they had to use Rome’s public restrooms. The dangerous of fires made the height of the insula go down to 17.75 meters and this happened whe n Nero made the rule after the Great Fire of Rome. There were about 42,000-46,000 insula in the city with the population being around 700,000 to 80,000. These apartments weren’t made to be art, but the ruins have become a remarkable piece of history. â€Å"Few intact examples of Roman insulae remain today – one well preserved building can still be seen at Ostia Antica, the ancient Roman port 15km outside Rome. However, there is another preserved insula much closer to the heart of the ancient city, on via del Teatro di Marcello. It is a somewhat neglected site, completely overshadowed by the more famous and showy attractions of the piazza del Campidoglio and the imposing Altare della Patria in piazza Venezia. Nonetheless, it is an evocative reminder of city life some 2000 years ago.† (Heritage Key.) A Marxist way of looking at these buildings is the way they were built; these buildings were made for middle-class people with the bottom being the biggest space. Obviously the bigger it is the more money it cost. This architecture would have never happened if society hadn’t influenced it. Society needed a place to live and these apartments were the best solution., theShow MoreRelatedThe Eruption Of The Volcano1878 Words   |  8 PagesHerculaneum was 6 km from the foot of Vesuvius, whilst Pompeii was about 10km away. In Herculaneum, the searing heat of the surge caused the people living there to die an instant death due to thermal shock. Their flesh and muscle tissue got vaporised, leaving only the skeletons remaining. The skeletons left provide us a good insight into the lives of the Romans before the volcano erupted. In Pompeii, the pyroclastic surge killed most of the inhabitants immediately, due to the burning hot air that burntRead MoreHouse of the Vetti and House of t he Fawn Essay2749 Words   |  11 Pagesspirits of the woodland which the Romans associated with Pan and Stayrs and the followers of the Greek God Dionysos. This explains that the family were educated to know about Greek myth showing â€Å"High Greek Culture† and â€Å"Roman Cultural Capital.† The House of the Fawn represented the elitist in Pompeii. The owners, which are unknown, would have been the political and monetary elite in Pompeii, and it is suggested that Publius Cornelius Sulla, leader of the Roman Colony in 80 BC owned it but it hasRead MoreArt History7818 Words   |  32 Pagesabout 20 years o Neolithic Period Ââ€" New Stone Age #61607; Begins around 9,000BC #61607; Neolithic Revolution • Agriculture o Allows people luxury of staying in one place; stability and performance o Cornerstone of civilization • Domestic Architecture o Wigwam, Huts, Lean-tos o Native American Indians were considered Neolithic • Refined tools o Spears, Bows and Arrows • Domesticated Animals o Hallmark of luxury, stability, and permanence • Pottery Ââ€" clay art o Bowls and containers

Alienation People Free Essays

Realist. A word, which would greatly, depicts the ascendancy of Herman Melville’s work – Bartleby, the Scrivener. An oeuvre that depicts and denounces the harsh conditions of workers, particularly of the copyists of laws during his time. We will write a custom essay sample on Alienation People or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such, the opus serves as an eye-opener for the whole humanity. It embarks upon the exploitation and dehumanization of an individual in a capitalist society wherein accumulation of capital is the primary if not the only goal of the bourgeoisie. As such, this results to the seemingly obliviousness of the bourgeoisie to the real conditions and needs of his employees. This can be evidently seen in the story as the narrator gives only about four cents a folio, that is four cents for one hundred words of every copied document. One may argue that such amount has a great value during that period. Indeed it may be the case. However, if one would analyze the value of the wage given compared to the laborious task of a scrivener, it can be deduced that the given wage evidently does not equally compensate for the arduous job of a scrivener. The clear manifestation of such is the fact that employees in the story cannot provide for themselves an adequate supply of their basic necessities. In the epoch of industrialization and technological advancements, it is quite paradoxical to see the employees subsisting in an adverse condition. Such order is the contradiction in a capitalist society. The story illustrates how at first an individual would succumb to a system which pledges social and economic change from its success in overthrowing the old form of society, the feudal system. As such he takes a particular wok under a new economic system, the proletariat in his desire to make himself a living and essentially, to make his life better. However, as his work continuous, he realizes that he is being exploited and alienated. First, he is alienated to his products; in this particular case the copies of law that Bartleby produces. As he continuously produces products for his employer, his labor is being continuously objectified. If such is the case, then the number of things, which he produces in the external world yet does not belong to him continuously increases as he produces more. Hence, he is alienated in his products in two ways: first, by continuously producing products which does not belong to him; secondly, by increasing number of products he produces which he cannot acquire for he does not have the purchasing power to do so. Second, he is estranged from his labor. It is because his labor does not belong to him but to his employer. He works accordingly not from his own willingness to work rather to what his employer wanted him to do. His employer imposes on him what kind of work he should do. And this phenomenon is what Marx called as forced labor. As a result, his labor becomes mechanical and void of progress. Third, he is estranged from his species being. Human beings have the right to self-determination. This feature separates him from other species and can only be carried out thru his life activity. However, his activity under the capitalist economy, his being tied in his work forbids him to exercise his life activity – his self-determination. Fourth, he is alienated to his self. This is due to the alienation he experienced from his product and labor wherein he is not anymore treated as a rational being or even a human being in his Isness rather a commodity needed by the capitalists to procure monopoly of capital. These alienations were clearly depicted in Bartleby, the Scrivener and were eventually realized by Bartleby. He realized that he is a victim of such exploitations. He struggles to reject the prevailing economic system together with its authority structure and exploitative practices. Its manifestations though not much articulated is the refusal of Bartleby to first do trivial tasks and eventually, to stop the demeaning work. Essentially, he stop to become a scrivener. Bartleby represents an â€Å"enlightened man† of his time even if he does not have the ideological grounding Marx and Hegel possessed during the emergence of the socialist ideology. However, such realizations places him in history. Undeniably, in every society where there is a class, there is a class struggle. As such, a bourgeoisie would do anything to neutralize if not to totally obliterate the emergence of an ideology, which challenges the prevailing one. As such, the narrator is the epitome of the bourgeoisie. This was shown by the pseudo-kindness he is offering to Bartleby, seemingly oblivious of the exploitation and alienation his class is causing to the majority. It is because if he indeed wanted to help Bartleby, he would do measures to step by step end such exploitation. Bartleby realizes how oppressed he is in a capitalist society yet he has not yet ponder upon what would topple down this kind of oppressive economic system as well as the manner on how the society can be changed. This can be attributed to his lack of education and knowledge of the basic principles of socialism, which is emerging during his time. Unfortunately, he passed away before he can rationalize on how the existing society can be revolutionized Evidently, Melville is depicting the realities of his society during his time – the struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. As such, the struggle between the prevailing yet oppressive ideology during that epoche– capitalism and the ideology which challenges capitalism and aspires to eliminate the oppression within the society – communism. Source: Bartleby, the Scrivener. Herman Melville. http://www. yahoo. com. How to cite Alienation People, Papers

Racial Prejudice in the Movie Crash Essay Example

Racial Prejudice in the Movie Crash Essay The collision between race, power, and greed doesn’t begin to explain the dynamic Paul Haggis directs with the 2004 Academy Award winning film Crash.The dynamic of serving as a law enforcement agent and being a white male is a double edged sword. On one end, the individual is responsible for protecting and serving those in their area. The other end is being historically in control of everything and privileged. This combination can lead some to perform unjust actions and Officer John Ryan is not an exception.Officer Ryan’s prejudice toward other ethnic groups, leads him to assume that people usually act according to their ethnic group. Eventually, Officer Ryan comes to the realization that it is morally correct to treat people as individuals, not races. The introduction of Officer Ryan, shows he doesn’t think â€Å"Shaniqua,† who he assumes is an African American, deserves to be manager. He assumes since she is black she earned her job not from merit but rather from affirmative action. In later scenes, Ryan attempts to sympathize with Shaniqua, in person, to convince her how desperate he is for his father’s medication, but eventually is denied again. At this point, Officer Ryan begins to belittle her, stating the only reason she is sitting in that seat is that of her race and affirmative action that many other white people are far more qualified than she is. Officer Ryan even explains how his father suffered from affirmative action and was put out of business, when he never discriminated and would hire any hard worker. Afterward, Shaniqua said she would have considered Ryan’s request if his father had been present but again, she denies him. Ryan leaves frustrated and denies the possibility that a black w oman is capable of earning a supervisor position. Though it is unclear how Shaniqua earned her position, no one has the authority to degrade a person because of their race and ethnicity. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Prejudice in the Movie Crash specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Prejudice in the Movie Crash specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Prejudice in the Movie Crash specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Later in the movie, Officer Ryan, an

How Can I end Violence in my School essays

How Can I end Violence in my School essays How Can I Help To End Violence In My School? Being from High School, I have not had the disadvantage of growing up in a violent school system. Although the school systems are quite calm, there is an occasional fight or argument. I believe that there are ways I can contribute to the fight against this violence in my school and I am ready to begin trying. A simple way that I could prevent violence in my school is to try to get along with my fellow classmates as well as the faculty. If everyone would do the same, violence in my school would be a thing of the past. It is a great idea to develop an honest and trusting relationship with the faculty of your school. The teachers, principals, and counselors are there for students whenever they need to talk or report something. A few examples of getting along with others are: thinking before you say something hurtful, even when it is not meant in that context, and treating others with respect as well as kindness. Another way to prevent violence in my school would be to report any suspicious behavior to my principal, teacher, or even programs such as "Crimestoppers". This is an excellent way to stop violence before it starts simply by letting an adult intervein. If you hear someone talking about a fight or any other incident which doesn't comply with the school rules don't be afraid to report the person's behavior. A final way in which to stop school violence is to accept diversity. No two people are the same. We all feel, think, and act differently. So what if we don't agree with everything everyone says? Who cares? It is certainly no reason for us to be violent toward each other. If we could learn to accept people for who they truly are, then we should have no problem with violence, not just in schools, but anywhere. In conclusion, I believe violence is a huge issue in schools. Every one of us has to do our share to resolve the ...

Crows, Ravens and Jays - Corvidae - The Animal Encyclopedia

Crows, Ravens and Jays - Corvidae - The Animal Encyclopedia Crows, ravens and jays (Corvidae) are a group of perching birds that also includes jackdaws, rooks, magpies, nutcrackers, choughs and treepies. In total, there are more than 120 species that belong to the crow family. Crows, ravens and jays are medium to large birds. The group includes the largest members of the perching birds. Many crows, ravens and jays have large wingspans. They have a robust body, strong feet and sturdy bills. Their nares (nasal openings) are fringed by bristle-like feathers known as rictal bristles. In temperate areas, most members of the group are partly or entirely black, blue, iridescent blue or iridescent purple. Some species, such as the magpies and jays, are more varied in color. They might have plumage with a mixture of black, white, grey and blue markings. Members of this group of birds are thought to be highly intelligent, not just among birds but among all animals. Crows and rooks have demonstrated tool making abilities while European magpies have exhibited self-awareness in mirror tests. Many members of the crow family establish and protect territories either during the breeding season or throughout the year. When threatened, some corvids can defend their offspring or territories aggressively and are known to attack large animals such as other birds, dogs or cats. Many species of corvids form social groups and hierarchies for foraging and breeding. Many species of corvids have flourished in human environments. But while such species have enjoyed healthy populations, a few corvids have experienced declines. Examples of threatened members of the crow family include the Florida scrub jay, the Mariana crow and the New Zealand raven. Crows and their relatives form strong pair bonds and in some species this association is life-long. In most species, nests are constructed in trees or on rock ledges. Nests are built using twigs, grass and other plant materials. Females lay between 3 and 10 eggs and young fledge after about 10 days. The largest member of the crow family is the common raven which grows to more than 26 inches in length and weighs 3 pounds. The smallest member of the crow family is the dwarf jay which grows to about 8 inches and weighs little more than an ounce. Crows, ravens and jays have a nearly-worldwide distribution. They are absent from only the southern tip of South America and the polar regions. The group is most diverse in tropical regions of Central America, South America, Asia and Europe. Most members of the crow family do not migrate although when food shortages occur, populations do relocate. Classification Animals Chordates Birds Perching Birds Crows, Ravens and Jays The crows, ravens and jays are divided into about a dozen subgroups, some of which include New World jays, grey jays, azure-winged magpies, Holarctic magpies, Stresemanns bushcrow, piapiac, true crows, nutcrackers, Old World jays, Oriental magpies, treepies and choughs. The crow family is thought to have originated in Australia and spread throughout the world. The closest relatives of the crows, ravens and jays are thought to be the birds of paradise and shrikes. There remains considerable ambiguity regarding the exact lineages and their relationships within the crow family. The earliest members of the crow family date back about 17 million years ago to the middle Miocene. Known fossils include Miocorvus, Miocitta, Miopica and Henocitta. Crows, ravens and jays feed a variety of foods including small mammals, birds, invertebrates as well as fruits, seeds and berries. Some members of the crow family feed on insects such as grasshoppers while others feed on carrion.

Critically analyse the recommendations for hydration during endurance Literature review

Critically analyse the recommendations for hydration during endurance events and discuss the role of sports drinks in relationship to health and performance - Literature review Example The ability of the athletes to keep their body temperatures within some given boundaries even when temperatures surrounding them are very different is known as thermoregulation (Snell et al., 2010). If the body of the human body fails to maintain the average temperatures at any given time and the temperatures rise above the standard rates, the result is a condition known as hyperthermia (Geesmann, Mester and Koehler, 2014). The condition usually happens when the human body is exposed to constant temperatures of 55 degrees Celsius. The opposite of hyperthermia is hypothermia and it occurs when the body is exposed to low temperatures for an extended period. It is very fortunate that sports science has gone a step ahead to find out the ways that regular ingestion of fluids is important for the performances of the athletes. During the actual sporting activities, hypohydration tends to impair the ability of the body to regulate heat that leads to increased heartbeat rates and body temperatures. The exertion that is perceived increases making the athlete to experience more fatigue than in normal situations (Cox et al., 2006). The requirements of fluids by individual athletes vary between exercise situations and the loss of fluids is affected by genetics of the athlete, the body size and fitness. In addition, the environment and exercise intensity where the exercise is being carried out affect the loss of water from the athlete’s body. It is natural for sweat loss to increase as the exercise intensity increases (Cox et al., 2006). The functioning of the athlete’s mental capability is lowered during this period and it normally leads to negative implications for motor control, concentration and decision-making. There is also slowed gastric emptying that leads to stomach discomforts. The effects sated always lead to the impairment of the exercise performance (Wilson et al., 2006). Hypo hydration affects almost all the types of exercises

Disparity Analysis Chart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disparity Analysis Chart - Case Study Example While it might be considered accurate and safe, it is a surgical procedure like any other surgery, places the patient at risk of experiencing morbidities or in other cases mortality (Bruenin & Schoelles, 2009). On the other hand, the process of removal of small samples of breast tissue through insertion of the skin by use of a hollow core needle is known as a core needle biopsy. The suspicious lesion is located by either imaging or palpation. The process is performed under local anesthesia. Multiple samples from the suspected area are taken for tests. The primary goal is to determine whether abnormality is malignant or benign. If the procedure suggests the lesion is malignant, then a follow-on surgical procedure is done (Bruenin & Schoelles, 2009). The comparison is shown in the chart below. Open surgical biopsies are more accurate while core –needle biopsies are associated with lower incidences of morbidity and harms. Women who are diagnosed with cancer by open biopsy undergo more treatment than those diagnosed by core-needle biopsy. Women diagnosed with breast cancer via open surgical biopsy often required multiple (surgeries) surgical procedures to treat the cancer while those diagnosed through core-needle biopsy would have the cancer treated by a single surgical procedure. Open surgical procedures have a high risk of complications than core needle biopsies. Automated gun core-needle biopsies procedures are associated with slightly less severe bleeding events than those by vacuum assisted procedures. Core –needle biopsy is cheaper and consumes fewer resources than open surgical biopsy hence is preferred mostly by patients. Women were also satisfied with core-needle cosmetic results procedures. In both groups, when women undergo the biopsy procedures and lead to positive findings, they often choose to undergo additional surgical procedures or undergo a single procedure that will ensure the removal of the entire lesion. On the other

Non State Actors In International Security

Non State Actors In International Security 1. In the process of state transformation, such as the emergence of new political spaces beyond the territorial nation state, relocation of politics from the state to international and sub-national organizations, diffusion of political power from public authorities to semi-public and private actors, and de-legitimization of the state (crisis of the welfare state, state failures, lack of performance), the old paradigm of top-down, state-led, command control ways of steering the states has been replaced by the new forms of governance and policy instruments: network-like arrangements of public and private actors, self-regulation by business organizations, public-private and civic-private partnerships, etc have emerged (Arts, 2005, p. 2). Many scholars refer to this as a shift from government to governance which is generally referred to as global governance in the study of international relations (Ibid.,p 3). This new concept of global governance invariably includes the relevance of non -state actors (NSAs) for governing global issues. 2. With the proliferation of non-state actors in International Politics,..the traditional Westphalian nation-state is experiencing an erosion of power and sovereignty (Non-state actors, 2010). This eventually undermines the states monopoly of the use of force as well as the monopoly on raising taxes and revenues which seriously restrict the effective performance of basic functions of the sovereign nation state.  [1]  This would not only lead to additional humanitarian disasters, but create tangible security problems and governance failures at the local, regional and at the global level. 3. Non-State Actors have emerged in international relations as important actors. They are limiting the authorities being enjoyed by sovereign nation-state under state-centric international relations based on principles of Westaphalian system.  [2]  By weakening states, NSAs are establishing themselves at domestic as well as international level. 4. At present world order, international security seems to be influenced by NSAs at unprecedented level. The diverse range of non-state actors plays a unique role in the changing dominion of international security in different manner, either positively or negatively. Certainly the various types of non-state actors like Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs), Non Governmental Organizations (NGO), Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and private security firms, and Violent Non-State Actors (VNSAs) may exert their energy in different manner in order to influence the international relations of 21st century there by affecting the international security as a whole. In order to understand the degree, nature, and gravity of influence, the major NSAs have been exerting on international security, their role in international relations need to be explored. METHODOLOGY Statement of the problem 3. To understand and explore the degree, nature, and gravity of influence, the major non-state actors have been exerting on international security. Hypothesis 4. The NSAs are the important players of international relations and they influence international security to a greater extent. The degree and nature of influence exerted by various non-state actors is not same. It is basically depend on the intention and capability of the individual non-state actor. Justification of The Study 5. In post cold war era, international security seems to be influenced by NSAs at an unprecedented level. The role that the NSAs play in the international security arena has come to the notice of many only after the attacks of September 11th. The non-state actors come in various shapes and sizes ranging from Intergovernmental organization, non governmental organization, Transnational companies, terrorist and various criminal organizations etc. This diverse collection of NSAs, with different intentions and capabilities, each plays different and unique role in the international relations. This study will try to explore the role of NSAs in international relations in order to understand the degree, nature, and gravity of influence that the major NSAs have been exerting on international security. Scope 6. Every study and research will not be free from some weakness and drawbacks. The study is limited to certain boundaries for which future new researcher will try to find out the fact in more detail. The scope of the study is limited to the exploration of the influence of major NSAs on international security. NSAs, most active as well as with the strategic influence on international relations have been selected for the study. In this study, international security has been discussed from the traditional security point of view. The traditional security concept refers to the realist construct of security in which the referent object of security is the state. Research Methodology 7. Due to the nature of the subject matter the research is based on the documentary sources. Published materials in the form of books, journal article, dissertations, and reports mainly collected from electronic sources, mostly internet, have been used as secondary sources for this research. Organization of the Dissertation 8. It is proposed to study the subject in the following manner: (a) Chapter I: Introduction. The subject would be introduced broadly. Similarly the necessity to carry out the research and the objective to be achieved from the study would be highlighted. This chapter also includes the limitation of the study, methods followed and the preview of the study. (b) Chapter II:Non State Actors and International Security. The detailed Concept of non-state actors and its role at present day world order will be highlighted. Brief background of non-state actors, its relevance at present day context and the diverse assortment of non-state entities will also be briefly brought out. Finally the most influential non-state actors in international relations in framing the international security will be identified for further discussion. (c) Chapter III: Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) as Non State Actors. This part would bring out various important intergovernmental organizations presently active in the world politics. Arguments would be made to qualify these intergovernmental organizations as non-state actors and at the end their contribution in international security will be brought out in detail. (d) Chapter IV: Violent Non State Actors (VNSAs) and International Security. This part will highlight the role and significance of the violent non-state actors in international security. In doing so firstly the violent non-state actors are clearly defined and out of many violent non-state actors only relevant and most influential violent non-state actors would be selected for further discussion. (e) Chapter V: International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs) and Multinational Corporation (MNCs) as International Players. In this portion the argument would be made to analyze importance of the International Nongovernmental Organizations and Multinational Corporations in driving the international relations of 21st century. Finally some conclusions will be drawn regarding the role being played by International Nongovernmental Organizations and Multinational Corporations in shaping the international security. (e) Chapter VI: Conclusion. Based on the arguments made in the various chapters a logical conclusion would be drawn in identifying the degree, nature, and gravity of influence, the major non-state actors have been exerting on international security. CHAPTER II NON STATE ACTORS AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY 9. According to Wikipedia, online encyclopedia, Non-State Actors, in international relations, are actors on the international level which are not states. (Non-state actors, 2010). In Bas Arts definition, they ..are all those actors that are not (representatives of) states, yet that operate at the international level and that are potentially relevant to international relations (2005, p. 4). Citing Josselin Wallace (2001), Joanna Szalachas defines NSA as ..an organization largely autonomous from central government funding and control, it acts between the modern states within the networks, which extends across many borders (n.d., p. 3). 10. First two of above mentioned definitions are simple and believe that only an actor, essentially not a state, active as well as influential at international level, could be a NSA. Szalacha seems to be accepting that a transnational actor focused to a state could also be a NSA. Saying largely autonomous from central government, she does not negate the possibility of some link between NSA and state. Abram Paley is concerned about the strategic role or effect of an actor to qualify itself as a NSA. After discussing several definitions, he summarizes an inclusive definition of strategic NSA with two vital components: (a) any actor that participates on the international stage or affects international interaction, but is not part of the domestic state structure, and (b) an actor-not an issue-that has the common attributes with which all actors in Common game-theoretic models are endowed-i.e. preferences, beliefs, strategies, etc. (Paley, 2008, p. 33). 11. From these different definitions of NSAs, following could be concluded: NSAs are autonomous from states or do not represent the states or governments but may have some link with certain state(s). NSAs operate at international or minimum transnational level. NSAs strategically influence international relations. 12. There are different classifications of NSAs; Table 1 shows three of them by Paley (2008, p. 29), Ataman (2003, p. 45) and Arts (2005, p. 4). Although, there are great similarities in all these three classifications, all writers mention that their classification is not the complete one. Paley says his classification is out of some common example and NSAs are not limited to them, whereas Atamans list of five NGOs is the ones which he believes are of more effective types. 13. There are varieties of actors other than state and it is difficult to find one of such actors without some sort of international or transnational connection in present context of globalization. Therefore, one may come up with more types of NSA than that is mentioned here. For example, Wikipedia in its classification of NSAs, apart from these common ones, has also included the international media, and transnational Diaspora communities (Violent non-state actors, 2010). It has grouped NSAs using violence as Violent NSA but not included IGOs. Regarding, VNSA, it is a common practice to address all NSAs which use illegal violence as their means. There is a lack of consensus on the issue of IGOs; one school of thought believes that an organization formed and collectively participated by the states cannot be termed as a NSA.  [3]  As per the definition and degree as well as gravity of their strategic influence on international relations, one can draw the conclusion that the major N SAs could be classified into four groups, namely IGOs, VNSAs, INGOs, and MNCs. Abram W Paley Muhittin Ataman Bas Arts International Terrorist Organizations. International Criminal Organizations. Nongovernmental Organizations and Grassroots Activists. International Institutions and Inter-governmental Organizations. Multi-national Corporations. Individual Actors. International Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs). Transnational or International Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs). Multinational Corporations (MNCs). National Liberation Movements (NLMs). Epistemic Communities. Religious and Humanitarian Organizations. Terrorist Groups and Drug Traffickers (Narco-Terrorists). Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs). International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs). Corporate Interest Groups (CIGs) and Transnational Corporations (TNCs), Epistemic Communities (ECs). a remainder category (including terrorist networks, professional organizations, scouts, churches, etc.). Table 1: Different Classifications of NSAs 14. NSAs appeared at international level as a group of social actors since 1980s and by 1990s, those organizations have gained power and increased influence on public institutions and different states agendas (Szalacha, n.d., p. 3). But NSAs are not completely new phenomena; ..the Hanseatic League monopolized trade on the Baltic Sea between the 13th and 17th centuries, the highly powerful East India Company was founded in 1600, European haute finance was a major contributor to the relative peace of the 19th century, and the Red Cross dates to the 1860s (NIC, 2007). According to Ataman, The proliferation of non-state actors has recently led some observers of international relations to conclude that states are declining in importance and that non-state actors are gaining status and influence (2003, p. 42). Quoting Miller, Ataman further says, The growth of so many kinds of non-state actors challenges and even weakens the state-centric concept of international politics and replaces it w ith a transnational system in which relationships are more complex. These organizations changed the international environment (Ibid.). A report says, A globalization-fueled diffusion of finance and technology has enabled non-state actors to encroach upon functions traditionally performed by nation-states, facilitating their evolution into forms unheard of even a few years ago (NIC, 2007). 15. The NSAs have emerged in international relations as equal as the nation-states. It may compel states to adopt more complex transnational system but in reality, NSAs rise has greater impact in international relations. NSAs have changed the overall traditional concept of international relations, based on the principles of Westphalian system of sovereign states, as Schwartz writes, The influence of non-state actors in this globalized world is unquestionably stronger than at any point since the Westphalia system of state sovereignty was established in 1648 (n.d.). 16. International security is the most influenced aspect of the changing trend of international relations due to the rise of NSAs. Under the traditional concept of international relations, international security is maintained through two types of organizations: classical collective security organization and defensive security organization. The first type of organization is designed to promote international security through regulating the behavior of its member states, whereas defensive security organization is to protect a group of states from threats emanating from a challenging state or group of states. (Gleason Shaihutdinov, 2005, p. 274). In present context, the role of traditional collective security organizations has expanded, if not changed; those organizations have been transformed into NSAs as intergovernmental organizations. Similarly, defensive security organizations have lost their appeal in present unipolar world order; but threat of violent NSAs for them has replaced t hat of formidable rival state or group of states. 17. Non-State Actors have emerged in international relations as important actors. They are limiting the authorities being enjoyed by sovereign nation-state under state-centric international relations based on principles of Westaphalian system. By weakening states, NSAs are establishing themselves at domestic as well as international level and they influence the international security to a greater extent. The degree and nature of influence may vary from one NSA to other; it could be positive or negative as well as at large or small scale. Whatever role the major NSAs are playing in international relations, needs to be studied in order to explore their influence in international security. CHAPTER III INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AS NSAs Defining IGOs 18. The term official web page of Harvard University defines IGOs as an entity created by treaty, involving two or more nations, to work in good faith, on issues of common interest. In the absence of a treaty an IGO does not exist in the legal sense. For example, the G8 is a group of eight nations that have annual economic and political summits. IGOs that are formed by treaties are more advantageous than a mere grouping of nations because they are subject to international law and have the ability to enter into enforceable agreements among themselves or with states. (Harvard Law School 2010, Intergovernmental Organizations) 19. The main purposes of IGOs were to create a mechanism for the worlds inhabitants to work more successfully together in the areas of peace and security, and also to deal with economic and social questions. In this current era of increasing globalization and interdependence of nations, IGOs have come to play a very significant role in international political systems and global governance. 20. The number of IGOs is difficult to determine, but estimates range from 270 to more than 1000. They cover multiple issues and involve governments from every region of the world. Among the oldest IGOs are the United Nations, which replaced the League of Nations, the Universal Postal Union, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Other well-known IGOs are the European Union (EU), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the African Development Bank (ADB) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). 21. Since the creation of the UN and NATO, IGOs have become essential actors in the international security. IGOs, such as the UN and the EU, have the ability to make rules and exercise power within their member countries, their global impact continues to increase. 22. Ataman cites Miller to define IGOs as ..voluntary associations of sovereign states established to pursue many objectives for which states want to cooperate through sort of formal structure and to which states are unable to realize by themselves (Ataman, 2003, p. 43). Sovereign states establish IGOs through a treaty  [4]  and accept its authority to make decisions regarding particular problems for common benefit. In other words, the states voluntarily give up sovereignty to an IGO in order to achieve common security, cooperation for collective goods, economic rearwards and political influence. 23. In Atamans view IGOs could be classified by their scope (global and regional) or by their function (political, economic, social and environmental) (Ibid.). Wikipedia has classified them as worldwide global organizations, regional organizations, Cultural, linguistic, ethnic, religious, or historical organizations, Economic organizations, organizations for collective security or mutual defense provisions (Intergovernmental organization, 2010). Among these organizations United Nations (UN) and its specialized agencies as well as some regional organizations such as European Union (EU) and collective security organization such as NATO play significant role in international security (Ibid.). Types of IGOs 24. IGOs are typically organized by their membership and by their purpose. For example, the UN is called a global organization because all countries are allowed membership. There are currently 192 member states in the UN. Some IGOs are regional and limit their membership to states within the designated regions. Other IGOs are referred to as selective organizations because they base their membership on criteria other than geography. The Organization of the Islamic Conference, for example, bases its membership on religious affiliation. OPEC, on the other hand, is comprised only of countries that produce oil. Specialized IGOs, such as NATO, limit their activities to a particular field. General IGOs have expertise on a wide variety of topics. The UN is also a general IGO as it is involved in a wide range of issues, including security, poverty reduction, health, telecommunications, international criminal justice, human rights, economic development, and environmental protection (Ibid.). Role in International Relations and Effects on International Security 25. Quoting several constructivist views, Susan Park writes. IGOs ..are norm diffusers or transmitters within the international realm; teaching states their interests (Park, 2004). They ..do this through establishing regimes, forming international agendas, constructing discourse, enforcing rules, and mediating between states (Ibid.) Park believes that these important roles ..show the significance of these organizations as the glue of the international state system, binding states together in various regimes (Ibid.). She argues that the IGOs .. act as official gate-keepers, determining which non-state actors and groups within civil society are deemed legitimate, thus de-legitimizing others, thereby shutting the latter out of the global governance structure (Ibid.). 26. IGOs are the main tools of global governance in true sense; and they are legitimate NSAs. They are responsible for collective security and defense, and they have been contributing a lot for the maintenance of international security. IGOs, formed out of common interests of the member states, maintain international security or stability by keeping member states united. On the other hand, especially collective defense oriented IGOs maintain balance with rival state or group of states. 27. UN is the key player of international relations in present context. The primary mission of UN is to maintain international peace and security.  [5]  To fulfill its mission UN has a strong mandate which it exercises through the Security Council. Since its inception, UN has continuously been trying to prevent conflicts, keep and enforce peace, and disarmament as well as proliferation of WMDs. 28. Regional organizations are also taking big steps, especially on the field of Human Security. EU is unifying entire Europe, which now is unlikely to spark other Great War. Unified Europe can maintain a balance with any other power which may emerge in future. However, regional alliances for comprehensive security are replacing the traditional military alliances; NATO is still effective. NATO, the only remaining major defense organization after the disintegration of former Soviet Union and demise of rival Warsaw Pact, is no more concerned for balance of power, but it is still significant for US and its allies for their defense. NATO is instrumental for US led War on Terror in Afghanistan. Criticism 29. The role played by IGOs at the international level is not out of controversy. There is always a question mark over their effectiveness. Some scholars argue that there problem lies on the fundamental structure and changed role of IGOs, mainly security organizations; according to Gleason Shaihutdinov, Throughout the world, the major inter-state security organizations continue to be essentially Westphalian in nature. They assume the primacy of state actors. While collective security organizations have re-focused to their objectives to confront challenges emanating from below the level of the nation-state, they have not yet reorganized their operational programs to achieve these goals. (2005, pp. 274-275) 30. IGOs like UN have been blamed as tool for powerful countries to impose their principle on the weak countries. ..the UN Security Council cannot accept any decision against the interests of the five permanent members and those of their allies, i.e., the UN Security Council decisions on the Palestinian question against Israel have often been vetoed by the United States (Ataman, 2003, pp. 44-45). The stability achieved on the cost of a states principles could not be long lasting; since it creates discontent and hatred among the people, which could be the seed of a future conflict. 31. Other IGOs, such as WTO and IMF, have been criticized for their role in globalization. Many people believe that globalization further weakens the weaker nation-states whereas strong states take maximum benefit out of it. The increasing gap between powerful states and weak states can gradually lead them to a conflict, jeopardizing international security. Overview 32. Security always puts its stakeholders under a dilemma; states need to think rationally while joining organizations or alliances. Barry Buzan portrays a picture of such dilemma in following words: Security cannot be achieved by either individuals or states acting solely on their own behalf. Some collective measures are necessary among the members of the system if each is to achieve security. Just as security cannot be achieved by individual actors, neither can it be created by concentrating all powers and responsibility at the upper levels. When such concentration happens, as we have seen in the case of individuals and the states, the collective institution becomes major source of threat to those smaller actors it was supposed to protect. (1987, p. 253) 33. Schwartzs following view on UN reflects importance of such IGOs amid their own drawbacks, While the UN is certainly not the ideal institution for international security simply because it is the sum of its parts, states the world would undoubtedly be far more insecure without it. There is no other forum in the world in which every state that wishes can participate. The implication of this should not be underestimated. Communication is essential for averting crises. And there is no other organization in the world with as broad and sweeping a mandate as the UN (Schwartz, n.d.). 34. The criticism of IGOs, exposed drawbacks and their likely consequences are not baseless accusations, but these needs be sorted out through reforms. As the key actors of global governance, IGOs play most significant role on regulating international relations and make huge positive contribution to the maintenance of international security. CHAPTER IV VIOLENT NON-STATE ACTORS AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY General 35. Even a cursory global survey suggests that violent non-state actors (VNSA s) have become a pervasive challenge to nation-states. In the 21st century, the state monopoly of the use of force is increasingly being reduced to a convenient fiction. No nation state is free of VNSAs. Relatively few of the sovereign states can truly claim a monopoly of force within their territorial borders. 36. One of the most striking features of VNSAs is their sheer variety. This suggests that there is some danger in lumping them together under a single rubric. Yet, it is clear from the preceding analysis that they do have certain things in common: they all emerge in response to inadequacies, deficiencies or shortcomings in many states and to one degree or another seek to compensate for those shortcomings. At the same time, there are important differences in motivation, purpose, power structures and the like. One of the dangers, however, is that they will increasingly form alliances with one another. There are certainly examples of linkages between organized crime and terrorist networks. Identifying VNSAs 37. VNSAs are those NSAs which use illegitimate violence as their means, they might be having some links with a state(s), and their objective could be political or economic. In Ulrich Schneckeners view VNSAs armed non-state actors willing and able to use violence for pursuing their objectives, and not integrated into formalized state institutions (Schneckener, 2006, p. 25). Following statement portrays a detail picture of VNSAs: VNSA are a distinct form of non-state actor, which distinguishes them from police forces and militaries. It is their use of collective violence that most clearly distinguishes Sendero from Starbucks, but their goals and methods also contribute to their illegitimacy. They are illegitimate vis-à  -vis the classical state system in part because the essence of being a state is having a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence. By definition, VNSA resort not only to random or opportunistic aggression, but to collective violence as a tool to achieve goals. Collective violence is really an extension of collective action, which is coordinated action by the members of the group in pursuit of common ends. (Bartolomei, Casebeer, Thomas, 2004) 38. Williams says One of the most striking features of VNSA s is their sheer variety. This suggests that there is some danger in lumping them together under a single rubric (2008, p. 17). VNSAs could be found being treated separately or as a group on the study of NSAs. Table 2 shows two different groupings of VNSAs by Ulrich Schneckener (Schneckener, 2006) and Phil Wiiliams (2008). However, there is no significant difference between these two groupings; on the basis of degree of activity as well as impact at international level, only terrorist organizations, insurgents, organized criminal groups, and private security agencies or private military companies (PMCs) could be considered as major VNSA for this study. Ulrich Schneckener Phil Williams Rebels or guerrilla fighters Militias or paramilitaries Clan chiefs or big men Warlords Terrorists Criminals Mercenaries and private security companies Marauders Warlords Militias Paramilitary forces Insurgencies Terrorist organizations Criminal organizations and youth gangs Table 2: Different Classifications of VNSAs The functions VNSAs fulfill for members and supporting constituencies 39. A key part of this is the extent to which the VNSA becomes an alternative form of governance and fulfils functions normally the responsibility of the state. It is important to determine what kinds of capacity gaps and functional holes are filled by VNSAs. These can include the provision of state functions such as imposing and maintaining security and order and can extend to what might be described as paternalistic forms of social welfare. Indeed, for VNSAs filling functional spaces is often even more important than filling territorial spaces. This analytical framework is helpful in considering a wide variety of VNSAs. These include warlords, terrorist organizations, organized crime groups both domestic and transnational, transnational youth gangs, militias and insurgencies. VNSAs in International Relations as Security Threats 40. VNSAs directly challenge and affect individual nation-state or number of states through networking of violent operations. According to Fraiman, they ..pose significant challenges to the administration of states, mainly by threatening their internal monopoly on the use of force. However, at times, these groups can also present considerable external security threats to other states in the international system (2009, p. 1). The most of the modern major conflicts are betwee

Interest Group

Interest Groups University of Hawaii West Oahu Haijuan Hanger 1/27/13 Well I have to say that this is a very old video nearly twenty five years old, although the information was well presented. The examples with the AARP and the NRA was good as to explain the difference between the broad and narrow along with the quick explanation of a single issue groups. It did not leave me with any question as to the different types of groups. It could have used a few more examples of interest groups of both broad and narrow to give a different comparison on real situation that actually took place.Additionally, How lobbyist take action in getting their issues to the three different branches of government. Such as reports on how much a single type of interest group faired with issues as a result of their lobbying and putting pressure on different congressmen as well as the interest groups personal gains and benefits as a result on issues that they supported. No indication was given as the how much money was spent nor the slightest indication of what congressmen benefited if any. This makes me wonder if there are discloser laws that should be in place to prevent any wrong doing. Not to say that there was.The video, as old as it is provided very basic definition and really could have used a more current video with recent and current related issues of today. I felt more trusting with the example of the broad type Interest Group of the AARP then I did with the narrow Interest group of the NRA. I felt that the AARP was actually working not just for the members best interest but, for the elderly people in general across the nation and their families real issues. When compared to the NRA, The organization of the AARP from what I understood from the video didn't use scare tactics in getting its members active and campaign for certain causes.I can see how the AARP is one of the largest organization in the country and that is because it is built a reputation for working hard on issues that affect not only a very large community of elderly people but, It will most definitely effect every American in the nation at one time or another. Social Security insurance has been promised to Americans sense the Roosevelt era that is nearly 80 years. It becomes a very touchy subject when so many elderly Americans depend on Social Security for survival. AARP continues as well to fight issues of Medicare coverage and discounts on prescription medicine.They have a large member support community that it can negotiate with many companies and organization on rates of services that can potentially bring a large group of consumers. While viewing the video one very interesting point really made me stop and think and collect my thoughts. This was when Pamela Sederholm was providing an over view of how interest groups work lobbyist work with the different branches of government. I felt that she had provided a very good overview as to how these interest groups operate in obtaining their g oals while working with the government. Just as if it came straight out of a text book.I felt that she was very young and very naive in the way she portrayed the system, I didn't feel that she had the experience for her position, although it did appear that she was well educated about the system. I may have felt more comfortable if it had been a person a little bit more mature. This was not what the video was about but, someone at the level she was at must have many years of experience . As far as the NRA and Mr. Paul Blackman interview in this video did not make me fell comfortable either. I am not a member of the NRA but, I do believe in the 2nd Amendment of the bill of rights that we Americans have the right to bare arms.I also have common sense when it comes to gun control. It is possible to have gun control and still retain the 2nd Amendment. I think that if the NRA was not so negative and using scare tactics in making people believe that every time we talk about gun control. i n its campaigning against any type of gun control it could work in a positive way in that could result in a safer nation and insuring that the 2nd Amendment is never taken away. We need to focus on the Types of guns that and individual can own for home protection and hunting. Really does one need an AK47 or an AR15 assault rifle to kill a deer or to protect ones home.Protect it from whom? Why is it called assault rifle and not a protection rifle. I wonder how is it that the NRA with less than half of the members than say the NRA, How can they be so powerful in congress. Do they represent gun manufactures or is it that they spend more money in fewer places. As narrated in the video that when the NRA supports a candidate through political action committees for an office they most generally win that office. I didn't quit understand the roll that political action committees play in the election of candidates or they are objective if it is not the objective of the interest group.This mak es me wonder why. Is it money or political connection. I do believe that The NRA works hard and long on issues that are not necessary the best interest for the nation and only what is best for its organization and its members. I can now understand more when it comes to many political issues how so many are killed by tying the up in law suits and clouding the issues in a bill and or for personal gain for its members. Another part of the video mentioned that Lobbyist are now referred to as professionals. They should be nothing but professionals so what where they referred to as before that.I do believe that there are a lot of good professionals that actively play a part in getting bills past and working hard for the country. As narrated in the video that there are a lot of professional institutions in that have experts in many different field that support the legislative and the executive branches of government. We need these professionals as I believe that it is totally ignorant to t hink that someone holding political office could be an expert on every issue that is introduced as a bill or police. I believe the it is always challenged by the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights. References

Addiction Grace Love and Spirituality in the Healing of...

In the book, Addiction Grace: Love and Spirituality in the Healing of Addictions, May explores how addiction develops and can be treated from a psychological, physiological, and spiritual standpoint. This theme is clearly shown through out the text as it shows addiction from a whole person view. The book covers the development of addiction from desire through the experience of addiction. The key focus on looking at the matter of addiction from multiple stand points in then broken down by explaining how addiction is an issue psychologically, physiologically, and spiritually. By focusing on these three areas the author is able to present the reader with a clear understanding of addiction from all sides of the problem. This is then†¦show more content†¦After covering these areas of addiction it then goes into the aspect of personal thought processes, such as how we deceive our selves into an addiction and how we loss control of the situation we struggle with. This is then foll owed by a few examples of different addictive situation and experiences. Dr. May then goes into a much more in-depth look at the psychological factors of addiction. The text furthers the discussion of self-deception and goes into specific defense mechanisms that we use when we struggle with an addiction. During this portion of the text it elaborates on the understanding of how we will denial to others and more importantly to ourselves that we are increasing the particular behavior that we are addicted to. The book also mentions how we attempt to rationalize the situation to help us continue our addictive behavior. The text then goes into detail about hiding and delaying tactics, such as how we tell ourselves that â€Å"we will quit tomorrow.† The book then goes into the understanding of control issues within the addiction, along with how it effects other and how other effect an individual’s addiction. 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Outsourcing And Ethical Dilemma - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 975 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? OUTSOURCING AND ETHICAL DILEMMA INTRODUCTION In America, an increasing number of corporations are taking their businesses overseas. In fact, one recent study found that the number of multinational companies has swelled from 7,000 in 1975 to over 40,000 today. In addition, the net income of U.S. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Outsourcing And Ethical Dilemma" essay for you Create order companies from operations outside the States now accounts for about half of income earned at home, compared to just 10 percent in 1950.The number of startups venturing overseas is skyrocketing, because it is becoming increasingly easy to do business overseas. Even small businesses are beginning to take advantage of this new rush of business venture overseas. One of the many benefits of overseas outsourcing products is the flexibility of the manufacturing companies. For example, China industrial corporations provide an abundant workforce where manufacturers can hire the most skilled employees at an extremely competitive wage. However, this growth has since contributed to significant growth of ethics issues in the corporate world, which ultimately affects the real world.For decades, there has been constant pressure on corporations to perform under good ethics, however in the years past, such pressure has become considerably consequential with the advent of mass media. For example, mistakes of a corporate executive can have international repercussions and make a CNN headline story, thereby making it possible for millions of people to know about who committed some violation. While the ethical problems corporations face when taking their business overseas are excessive, it is increasingly difficult for us to pin point the source of issues given the location of the business, and the economy, political view and interest of the area where the corporati on seeks to thrive (even though we all know the root of the issue is finding a way to make more money and loose less). One of the common known issues most corporations face is transnational bribery. Transnational bribery consists in offering or giving of money, valuable goods or other benefits as favors, promises or advantages to foreign governments official for procuring that official do or omit any action addressed to influence on economic or business transaction which has relationship with his public function.According to the IMF, when corrupt behavior is so pervasive and entrenched, it can become the norm. In these systemic cases, corruption can even affect the design and implementation of policies, and skew regulatory or state decisions. The bottom line of the issue is that in many developing countries and other countries that deal with corruption in the government, corporations tend to lean the way of the government and ultimately become corrupt too for reason of getting certain perks from that government. Corporations arent doing enough to ensure that their employees are being taken care of ov erseas, and tend to hold little to no liability on employees that are underprivileged and poor in these areas. Also when conflict such as war, terrorism and political corruption occurs, these companies tend to not say a word and continue to make profit. Corporate ethical issues overseas take places all around the world due to the flexibility and the loopholes of regulation laws, and laws that they can get away with. For example, major companies may consider South America a huge opportunity in terms of revenue. However, its also typically the most profitable region for companies that do business there, and one of the best opportunities for quick growth. However, many regions within South America are suffering economically and cultually. Over the past decade, political unrest, transnational crime, drug trafficking and wars, and economic mismanagement reversed the encouraging democratic and economic reforms begun in the 1980s. Major companies that invest heavily in Latin America do little to provide funds to build the community around their businesses. In fact, in the last decade the conversation regarding these regions in South America has become stricter, with many major international organizations, such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, pushing governments to reduce corruption. Corporations can easily reduce ethical issues by enforcing policies that are already in place in their company. They should ensure that their employees are getting the appropriate care fair wages in order to increase morale in confidence of the company to the people. Promoting regional prosperity through free trade and economic reform can also reduce issues. Corporations should also be monitored by international watchdogs, and should be transparent with how they are benefiting the community around their business if they even are. There should be a measure in place to rating the level of good impact a business brings overseas. CONCLUSION In closing, the basis of my position is not to condemn corporations for taking their business overseas. I believe that it does provide job opportunities for families and economic growth for the area of the location. It brings a great asset to communities as far as sustainability is concern. My problem is the notorious history of major companies bringing bad ethics to the table just because it is in their advantage to. Corporations should be able to reflect on their business ethics and strive to maintain the integrity of their practices.Good practices paints a good image in the eyes the people affected by it. REFERENCES Bianchi, A. (n.d.). Take your business global. Retrieved March 31, 2018, from https://money.cnn.com/2007/07/12/magazines/fsb/going_global.fsb/index.htm?tagname=fsbURGBiddle, L. (n.d.). Corruption in Latin America: Political, Economic, Structural, and Institutional Causes. Retrieved March 30, 2018, from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:d28e0e16-d999-4759-9508-efae5c0c4c1cG. (2004). GPO Import. Retrieved March 31, 2018, from https://www.importchinaproduct.com/benefits_overseas_business_offshore_outsourcing_manufacturing.htm Lipton, D., Werner, A., Gonclaves, C. (2017, September 21). Corruption in Latin America: Taking Stock. Retrieved March 31, 2018, from https://blogs.imf.org/2017/09/21/corruption-in-latin-america-taking-stock/ Manfroni, C. A., Werksman, R. S. (2003). The Inter-American Convention Against Corruption:. NY: Lexington Books.